Damage mechanism from American Petroleum Institute (API)

The damage mechanism analysis is done through American Petroleum Institute (API). This standard is established to describe damage mechanism affecting equipments in refining and petrochemical industries.
This standard contains guidance for the consideration of:

- Information on damage mechanism that can affect process equipments
- Assist regarding the types and extent the damages can be expected
- Selection of effective inspection methods

I learned there are few types of alloys that are used widely in refining and petrochemical industries. Some are:

- Ferritic: Type of metallurgical structure normally found in carbon and low alloy steels.
- Martensitic: Heat treatment and welding followed by rapid cooling can produce this structure in carbon and
  low alloy steels.
- Austenite: solid solution of iron with alloying elements
- Pearlite: structure composed of alpha ferrite and cementite that occurs in some steel and cast irons.

I did some surveys in API about the general damage mechanisms in all type of industries. I mention few below to give a clear idea about what I did:
Engineering Damage Mechanics: Ductile, Creep, Fatigue and Brittle Failures

1.Mechanical and Metallurgical failure

a. Strain Aging: Damage found in older vintage carbon steel under the combined effects of deformation and
    aging at an intermediate temperature

- This result is increase in hardness and strength with a reduction in ductility and toughness
- Equipment with crack is more susceptible to strain aging where when it exposed to intermediate
  temperatures, the zone of deformed material become hardened and less ductile.

2. Uniform or Localized Loss of Thickness

b. Galvanic Corrosion:
 Continuum Damage Mechanics and Numerical Applications (Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China)

-It is a form of corrosion that occurs at the junction of dissimilar metals when they are joined together in a
  suitable electrolyte.
-This corrosion mainly happens when a fluid that conducts current are in contact with two different materials.

• I have been assigned to read about the list of equipments that are used in Magtymguly collector Riser Platform A (MCR-A). Some of them are:

a. Desander:
Desanders and desilters are drilling rig equipment with a set of hydrocyclones that
separates sand and silt from the drilling fluid.

b. Separators:
A for petroleum production is a large drum designed to separate
production fluids into their constituent components of oil, gas and water

Mickey's smart tips for making the most of the party in Disneyland Paris!!

1. Pick up a Programme

It gives you the times of the shows, Disney Characters Meet 'n' Greets and Disney Character Eat 'n' Greets.

Disneylands Park:
a. at the Park entrance just below Disneyland Railroad Manin Street Station
b. at City Hall (Town Square)
c. on the information Board ar Central Plaza

Walt Disney Studios Park
a. at the entrance to Disney Studio 1
b. at Studio Services
c. on the information board at the Disney Studio 1 exit

2. Plan your day

a. Your 2-Parks Ticket gives you unlimited access to Disneyland Paris Park and Walt Disney Studios Park. You can go from one park to another as many times you want
Keep your administration ticket and get your had stamped at the exit. When you return, show both your ticket and also hand stamp.

3. Caring for the environment

a. All our shops collect batteries for recycling -don't throw them away

b. Disneylan Resort Paris will happily receyle any electrical goods you no longer need when you purchase similar items in one of our shops

4. For guests with disabilities

a. get copies of the Guide for Guests with Disabilities,information on access to attraction and Assisted Access Cards from City Hall in Disneyland Park and from Studio Services in Walt Disney Studios Park.

Tips

Shopping Services
Do your shopping before 3pm and get your purchases delivered to your hotel or Disney Village completely free. Otherwise simply leave them in the shop shwere you purchased them and pick them up before heading back home!

Only for Kids

a. Strollers and wheelchairs for hire in both parks.

b. Baby Care Center, Lost Children Point
Nappies and baby food areon sale and you can report or collect a lost child here.

c.Start your visit in Fantasylands in Disneylands Park or Toon Studios in Walt
Disney Studios.

d.Use the "Baby Switch" service
Free service that allows Mum and Dad to take turns on adult rides, without having
to queue a second time.

e. Enjoy a meal in the company of Disney Characters
special momenr at Disneylands Park

f. Take a relaxing break in the play areas
Pocahontas,Indian Village and Pirates Beach in Disneylands Park

Use these tips and get smarter before going to Disneyland Paris!

Start investment with zero sales charges by OCBC Bank

Recently I was doing research on investment and I come across OCBC bank. It is interesting to compare different types of unit trust.

OCBC Bank in collabration with Pacific Mutual Fund Sdn berhad introduce to investor a way to invest without paying for the sales charges on investment in equity unit trust. Don't you think this is interesting!!

What's the meaning of the sales charges?Is a fee levied on the purchase of units of a fund. The sames charges is channelled to fund expenses such as marketing, advertisment and distribution of a unit trust fund. It can range from 0% to 7%.

For example, assume that you invest sum of RM 1000 in a unit trust with a sales charges of 5%. The sales charges is approximately RM 47.62 which will be deducted from the initial investment sum of RM 1000, leaving only the remaining of RM 952.38 to be invested.

The 4 funds introduced by OCBC without sales charges are Pacific ELITE Dividend Fund, Pacific ELIT Dana Aman, Pacific ELIT Dana Dividen an d Pacific ELIT Islamic AsiaPac Balanced Fund.These funds are distributed by OCBC Bank (Malaysia)Berhad and OCBC Al-Amin Bank Berhad.

So do you think to invest or not to invest in these new funds?

Comparing Pacific ELITE Dividend Fund to Public Equity Fund:

www.signalinvest.com/personal/funds/compare/table